ARTICLE
20 April 2026

基于TCN-Transformer的Q195钢应力-应变曲线预测

贤伦 柯1 政臣 孟1 毅恒 罗1
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1 武汉理工大学 汽车工程学院, 中国
© 2026 by the Author(s). Licensee Art and Technology, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

应力-应变曲线是金属板材成形仿真、工艺参数设计和成形质量评价的重要基础,Q195钢在不同加载速率下呈现非线性强化特征。传统Johnson-Cook(J-C)模型形式简洁,但在室温小样本条件下难以充分描述弹塑性过渡、加工硬化及速率效应耦合关系。针对上述问题,基于9组Q195钢室温单向拉伸实验数据(样本级平均应变速率1.00×10⁻³~1.70×10⁻¹ s⁻¹),提出融合时序卷积网络(Temporal Convolutional Network, TCN)与Transformer 编码器的序列回归模型(TCN-Transformer),用于预测不同应变速率下的完整工程应力-应变曲线。模型以工程应变、瞬时应变速率和因果平均应变速率为输入,通过TCN提取局部曲线形态,并利用Transformer Encoder建立全局加载历史依赖;采用嵌套留一交叉验证(nested leave-one-out cross-validation, nested LOOCV)进行超参数选择与泛化评估。结果表明,TCN-Transformer的MAE、RMSE和R²分别为3.40 MPa、5.22 MPa 和0.9849,优于J-C模型和SVR;其极限抗拉强度(UTS)应力MAE为1.91 MPa。特征消融与Gradient SHAP分析表明,速率相关特征对峰值强度和曲线重建均具有重要贡献。研究结果可为小样本条件下低碳钢应力-应变曲线的数据驱动建模提供参考。

Keywords
Q195 钢
应力- 应变曲线
TCN-Transformer
嵌套留一交叉验证
Johnson-Cook本构模型
References

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